BLOOD PRESSURE

Blood pressure is a serious health problem which affects nearly 40 to 50 percent of the population. Blood is carried to all parts of our body in vessels called arteries. It plays a key factor in providing blood (thus oxygen and energy) to organs.

 

Blood pressure is the force of blood against the arteries. Systemic blood pressure decreases progressively with distance from the left ventricle. It fluctuates in the arterial system between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. List of risk factors associated with blood pressure includes: damage to the arteries, heart failure, blocks or ruptures the blood vessels in brain, heart stroke and causes damages to blood vessels in the kidneys.

 

Measurements of blood pressure

An individual should maintain a normal blood pressure from: 120 – 140 / 70 – 90 mm Hg.

Normal pulse: 60 - 80 per min.
Blood pressure is given by two numbers, with one above or before the other - 120/80.
120 - This is called systolic pressure and 80 - This is called diastolic pressure.

The measurement of diastolic pressure is more important because it is longer than the systolic period in the cardiac cycle.

 

Factors influencing blood pressure

• Blood volume.
• Vascular resistance.
• Auto regulation.
• Autonomic influences.

 

Types of blood pressure

• Systolic Blood Pressure.

It is the measurement of the pressure, which blood exerts on arteries and vessels while the heart is beating.

 

Normal range of systolic blood pressure should be 90 – 120 mm Hg.

 

 

Treatment and precautions for Blood pressure

• Treated with weight loss programs like: diet and exercise, as Bp often increases as weight increases.
• By having a diet that is rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products.
• Avoid fat and cholesterol, which can lower the blood pressure by up to 14 mm Hg.
• Reduction in the sodium in diet can reduce blood pressure by 2 to 8 mm Hg.
• Drinking more of milk, increases the intakes of calcium and vitamin D, this reduces risk of blood pressure.

 

Steps to follow before taking blood pressure

• Do not have any thing for 30 minutes before taking the blood pressure.
• Go to the bathroom.
• Relax for three to five minutes, before checking the blood pressure.
• Sit comfortably—Legs, ankles uncrossed and back supported.

Blood pressure can be easily lowered or controlled by regular exercise and  following a strict low sodium diet and also supplemented with including food  rich in potassium, calcium, low-fat protein sources, whole grains, and plenty of fruits and vegetables.

 

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GLOBAL WARMING

Global warming is an increase in average temperature of the earth’s surface. It occurs by an increase in certain level of gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, which are present on the earth’s atmosphere, which are termed as green house gases and this phenomenon is also called as green house effect. These gases play a vital role in keeping the earth’s atmosphere warm by capturing or blocking the infrared energy from escaping into the space. As the greenhouse effect increases, there is an increase in the global warming simultaneously.

 

The main causes of global warming are:

There are two main factors which are responsible for global warming. They are as follows:

• Natural causes (or) nature causes of  global warming

                                          and

• Non natural causes (or) manmade causes of global warming.
• Natural causes  of  global warming

 

This includes all natural factors like:

1. Volcanic eruptions: Large amount of volcanic eruptions increases the earth’s temperature, causes harm to plants and damages environment by releasing toxic gases.
2. Earth quakes: By this factor, lands get disturbed and it results in destroy of vegetation.
3. Carbon dioxide: As the temperature rises, there is an increase in the ratio of carbon dioxide gas in air, which results in the melting of  ice bar, especially in northern hemisphere like Himalayas .

 

     > Non natural causes  of global warming

 

These factors results in an increase in earth’s temperature, which effects global warming. These factors include:

• Burning of woods, plastics, wastes, cutting of trees and forests (deforestation) to improve the livelihood.
• Fuels released from vehicles and industries, releasing of ethanol gas, etc.

 

Preventive measurements / precautions taken for protecting earth from global warming

• Trees play an important role in reducing carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere by the process of photosynthesis, so stop deforestation and plant more number of trees.
• Introduce the system of recycling and reduce the use of plastics.
• Control  or balance the rise in  green house gases, as they keeps the earth’s temperature warm by absorbing infra red radiation and prevents it from escaping in to the space.
• Regular emission tests for vehicles and chimneys of industries, to reduce the amount of carbon and other gases released.
• The use of renewable resources or renewable materials like solar cookers and bio gas for cooking, use of bio fuel, bio plastics, bio mass products and other renewable sources, which are produced from natural resources, can be used to prevent pollution.

 

There are several small steps or precautions to protect earth from global warming and save the nature. Many animals and birds like sparrow have become extent, so come forward let’s join our hands in protecting our planet earth and other creatures from getting extent.

 

Biology and its importance

We all love biology, as it is an easiest and more interesting among other subjects. There are no students who hate or dislike this subject. Most of the students choose biology as their favorite subject during their school life. This also continues for their higher studies as they do majors in biology. It is an immense and simple subject, which explains us about life, its functions and physical makeup of our bodies. It is important to study biology because it is a common science that is used in our daily life. It tells us about the natural world around us. The main significance of biology is to study the relationship between each species.

 

Importance of biology

• Biology is very important as it explains us about the natural world.
• Biology helps us to know, how different organs and systems function in our bodies? It also helps us, to develop cures and treatments for many diseases.
• Biology teaches us about plants and how they can be beneficial to our bodies.
• Biology helps us to classify different organisms and what they do to help our planet?
• Biology helps us know more about the organisms in our bodies.

Biology is the study of life and is used in all fields. It also deals with different interesting aspects on earth. In this subject, we learn about life, different scientists, diseases, organisms and many other aspects related to life on planet earth. Without biology we cannot learn about the environment in which we are living. Biology tells us about different organisms – both extinct and present along with their mechanism .The study of biology educates a student about all living beings.

 

Biology is the natural science, which are concerned with the study of living organisms around us. We can build our interest towards this subject, by referring more and more books, articles, journals, available in our library. We can also collect much information about this subject by browsing in internet.

 

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