BIO DIESEL

We all are aware of diesel, its sources and its applications. The diesel which we use in our daily life is extracted from crude oil. New technology has introduced an alternative fuel for diesel engines, which is known as bio diesel.

Bio diesel is the fuel, composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. Bio diesel is a renewable fuel.

Animal fat used in bio diesel production includes-beef tallow, lard chicken, pork fat.

Vegetable oil used in bio diesel production includes- soybean, canola, palm, rapeseed, waste cooking oil, etc.

Bio diesel as well as ethanol both falls under the category of biofuels, which are fuels derived from biomass. Bio diesel is completely different from a fossil fuel, or a hydrocarbon fuel. These fuels are composed of decayed plants and animals which took millions of years to form.

BIO DIESEL PRODUCTION:

The process of bio diesel production is carried out into three major steps.

• Base catalyzed by Tran’s estrification.
• Acid catalyzed by Tran’s estrification.
• Conversion of oil to fatty acids and then to Easter by acid catalysis.

Bio diesel, which is technically mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids, is a clean burning alternative fuel, produced from domestic, renewable resources such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking oils and greases. Bio diesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a bio diesel blend. It can be used in all diesel engines, with little or no modifications. Using bio diesel in a diesel engine substantially reduces the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfates, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter, which results in controlling air pollution.

ADVANTAGES OF BIO DIESEL:

• Meets health effect testing.
• Lower emissions.
• Biodegradable, biodegradable and non-toxic.
• Improve energy security.
• Reduce dependency on fossil-fuels.
• Increases atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide.

DISADVANTAGES OF BIO DIESEL:

• Price of bio diesel is relatively high compared to diesel.
• Requires cold weather operation.
• Increased water use.
• Costs of labor and require huge space for storage.

Bio diesel can be operated in any diesel engine with little or no modification to the engine or the fuel system. It can also be easily used in light and heavy vehicles, as well as in marine and mining applications. Bio diesel is an alternative fuel that can take advantage of much of the existing infrastructure used for petroleum diesel.

 

Institute of Banking Personnel Selection (IBPS) is responsible for conducing Common Written Examination (CWE) or IBPS clerk exam. The exam is conducted every year for the recruitment of clerical cadre jobs in public sector banks. Many aspirants from all over India appear for the exam. The IBPS clerk exam pattern and syllabus is as follows:

Exam Pattern

• The online common written examination is categorized into 5 sections.
1. Reasoning – 40 marks
2. English Language – 40 marks
3. Numerical Ability – 40 marks
4. General Awareness (with special reference to Banking Industry) - 40 marks
5. Computer Knowledge – 40 marks
• The total marks for the exam is 200 marks.
• It is a 2 hour online exam.
• All questions are objective type, which will appear on the computer screen along with 5 options. Candidates need to select one answer out of 5 options.
• As per the IBPS, the English Language test will be available bilingually that induces English and Hindi.

Note: There will be negative marking or a penalty for wrong answers. For every wrong answer, one fourth or 0.25 of marks will be deducted. If a question is left blank, then there will be no penalty for that question.

See also CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12

Syllabus

1. Reasoning section will cover various topics, including blood relation, puzzle (seating type or circular arrangement), coding- decoding, data sufficiency, syllogism, series and inequality.
2. The English language section will include topics like paragraph rearrangement, comprehension, cloze test, spotting errors and fill in the blanks.
3. Numerical ability section encompasses percentage, simple and compound interest, speed, distance, simplification, approximation, profit and loss, ratio and proportion and the series, D.I, time work, and inequality topics.
4. A general awareness section will cover topics related to banking awareness, including news related with RBI, current banking reforms and banking terms. Besides, this section will also include topics of current affairs like capital and currency, awards and honors, recent appointments in India and the world, recent committees, abbreviations, important books and author, sports events, person in news, etc.
5. Computer section will cover important topics such as internet, types of memory, operating system, parts of a computer input and output devices, application software like MS office, word, excel and power point and abbreviations. 

CBSE Question Papers for Class 12

Board exams are certainly the most nerve-wracking period for students. Every year, thousands of students appear for the exam. In order to get good results in class 12 board exams, students need to pay more attention to their studies from the very beginning of the academic session. The class, which students attend during the academic year, the assignment they complete and the notes they prepare will surely help them in their test preparation. Apart from this, students should refer important study materials that are offered by the CBSE board. The board not only conducts exams, but also provides relevant study materials to students so as to help them in their academics.

 

See also CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12

 

Previous year question papers are meant to give students a basic idea about the format of a real exam paper. They can improve their test preparation level by solving old board papers regularly. These papers contain several tricky questions. Solving these questions will strengthen the knowledge of students and also boost their confidence for taking the real exam. In addition to this, there are certain questions that are repeated once or twice in a year. Hence, students can prepare those questions thoroughly and can score better marks in the final exam. The old question papers also provide knowledge about the marking scheme that are prescribed for short answer and long answer questions.

 

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus

A syllabus is not just an agreement between a student and a teacher, but also a record containing information about the course. The document is designed by the board in order to inform students about the learning goals that they are required to achieve within the academic year. Students appearing for the class 12 exam can collect the updated curriculum online and can prepare a study plan for themselves.

 

Sample Paper for Class 12 CBSE Board

Sample papers contain value-based questions that will surely improve the knowledge of students and encourage them to attempt questions confidently in the board exam. They can also understand the word-limit and marking scheme pattern through a model paper. The guess papers are the best study materials when it comes to time management. With continuous practice, students can manage their time properly in the final exam.